Learn how to use the modal verbs "must" and "have to"
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Intro |
|---|
| Barbara: Good afternoon! |
| Braden: Braden here.You Have to Remember Your Plane Ticket in the US! In this lesson, you’ll learn about Modal verbs–must/have to and Income taxes. |
| Barbara: This conversation takes place in the afternoon, at the travel agency. |
| Braden: And it’s between the receptionist and Mr. Jeffery Nye. |
| Barbara: Mr. Nye is a customer of the travel agency and has purchased his tickets to the seminar through the agency. Now he seems to be missing something. |
| Braden: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
| Receptionist: What can I help you with, Mr. Nye? |
| Jeffery Nye: I believe I forgot my plane tickets here the other day. |
| Receptionist: Wait just one moment please, I'll check... |
| (computer noises, paper rustling, a chair moving) |
| Receptionist: Mr. Jeffery Nye? |
| Jeffery Nye: That's correct. |
| Receptionist: Our records show that you don't have any printed tickets yet. I didn't print your tickets because we can't do that here. |
| Jeffery Nye: I'm afraid I don't understand. |
| Receptionist: Most of our plane tickets are handled online; we just email you the confirmation code. |
| Jeffery Nye: That's right. I've done that before. |
| Receptionist: However, you informed me that you must have paper tickets for tax purposes. |
| Jeffery Nye: (remembering) That's right. I'm in a unique tax situation, and I mustn't forget. |
| Receptionist: In order to accommodate you, sir, we sent you an email with a special case number. You'll have to call customer service with that case number and ask them to mail you printed tickets. |
| Jeffrey Nye: But I don't remember getting any email. Could you send me another one? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: So, we wanted to talk a little bit about Income taxes |
| Barbara: Since everyone's different, so is every situation. This also applies to income taxes. In the dialogue, it was mentioned that Mr. Jeffrey Nye had a unique tax situation that required him to have paper-based plane tickets. |
| Braden: This is extremely rare as the IRS or Internal Revenue Service accepts electronic documentation in most situations. |
| Barbara: Income tax is a government tax levied on the income of individuals and businesses. Every country has a different income tax system, and even within the United States, there are variations from state to state. |
| Braden: In general, individuals are taxed on their gross (or total) income while businesses are taxed on their net income (the difference between gross revenue minus expenses). |
| Braden: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Vocabulary and Phrases |
| Braden: The first word we’ll look at is: |
| Barbara: ticket [natural native speed] |
| Braden: a piece of paper that serves as a permit |
| Barbara: ticket [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: ticket [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: plane [natural native speed] |
| Braden: an airplane |
| Barbara: plane [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: plane [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: forgot [natural native speed] |
| Braden: fail to remember |
| Barbara: forgot [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: forgot [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: forgotten [natural native speed] |
| Braden: past participle of “forget.” |
| Barbara: forgotten [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: forgotten [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: believe [natural native speed] |
| Braden: hold some idea; think or suppose |
| Barbara: believe [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: believe [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: moment [natural native speed] |
| Braden: a short period of time |
| Barbara: moment [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: moment [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: understand [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to grasp the meaning of; comprehend |
| Barbara: understand [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: understand [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: confirmation [natural native speed] |
| Braden: proof of something, validation |
| Barbara: confirmation [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: confirmation [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: print [natural native speed] |
| Braden: process of transferring images, text, and designs to paper |
| Barbara: print [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: print [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: explain [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to make something understandable |
| Barbara: explain [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: explain [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: handle [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to feel, manipulate, drive or control with the hands or influence |
| Barbara: handle [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: handle [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: online [natural native speed] |
| Braden: on the Internet |
| Barbara: online [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: online [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: informed [natural native speed] |
| Braden: having knowledge of a particular subject |
| Barbara: informed [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: informed [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: must [natural native speed] |
| Braden: be obliged to; should |
| Barbara: must [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: must [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: tax [natural native speed] |
| Braden: compulsory contribution to state revenue |
| Barbara: tax [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: tax [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: purpose [natural native speed] |
| Braden: reason |
| Barbara: purpose [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: purpose [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: SPAM [natural native speed] |
| Braden: unsolicited messages sent via the Internet to many recipients at a time |
| Barbara: SPAM [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: SPAM [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Barbara: link [natural native speed] |
| Braden: a relationship between two things or situations |
| Barbara: link [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Barbara: link [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Barbara: In the dialogue, we heard the phrase for tax purposes |
| Braden: When someone says “tax purposes” or tax reasons” they are referring to their personal or business income taxes. |
| Barbara: In the United States, taxes are the main source of money for the government to pay for its programs and services. |
| Braden: Depending on your income, you could lose a lot of money to taxes in any given year. For that reason, and many others, American’s are always trying to pay less taxes. |
| Barbara: In order to pay less taxes, an individual must prove to the government that certain expenses or income do not qualify for taxation. To do this, they must have evidence in the form of receipts, or in this case, plane tickets. |
| Braden: Could you break this down? |
| Barbara: for tax purposes (slowly) |
| Braden: And one time fast? |
| Barbara: for tax purposes (fast) |
| Braden: Our next phrase is I’m afraid I don’t understand. |
| Braden: Just to be clear, this phrase doesn’t actually mean that you’re afraid. “I’m afraid that” is an expression, so it shouldn’t be taken literally. |
| Barbara: |
| Braden: Could you break this down? |
| Barbara: I’m afraid I don’t understand (slowly) |
| Braden: And one time fast? |
| Barbara: I’m afraid I don’t understand (fast) |
| Braden: Let’s take a look at the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
| Barbara: The focus of this lesson is the modal verbs must and have to |
| Braden: In the dialogue, we heard the phrase |
| Barbara: However, you informed me that you must have paper tickets for tax purposes. |
| Braden: "Must" and "Have to" in the positive or question form are used to speak about responsibilities and obligations. |
| Barbara: Sometimes, "must" and "have to" can be exchanged, but the general rule is that must is used for strong personal obligations (I must do this right now!) and have to is used for responsibilities (I have to file reports every week.) |
| Braden: "Don't have to" and "Mustn't" have very different meanings. "Don't have to" is used to express that something is not required. "Mustn't" is used to express that something is prohibited. |
| Barbara: In general, "must" is used in everyday situations in which something important occurs and requires immediate action. |
| Braden: "Have to" is often used to discuss our daily responsibilities and is commonly used to describe workplace situations. Many times, "have to" is used in place of "must" in informal English. |
| Barbara: First let’s take a look at Have to do and Responsibilities. Use "have to" in the past, present, and future to express responsibility or necessity. |
| Braden: Be aware that "have to" is conjugated as a regular verb and therefore requires an auxiliary verb in the question form or negative. |
| Barbara: For example, “ You’ll have to call customer service with that case number.” and “She had to work hard yesterday.” |
| Braden: Now let’s look at Must do - Obligations. Use "must" to express something that you or a person feels is necessary. This form is used only in the present and future. |
| Barbara: For example, “You informed me that you must have paper tickets for tax purposes.” and “Must you work so hard?” |
| Braden: Now let’s look at, “Don't have to do - Not Required. The negative form of "have to" expresses the idea that something is not required. It is, however, possible if so desired. |
| Barbara: For example, “You don't have to arrive before 8.” and “They didn't have to work so hard.” |
| Braden: Now let’s look at Mustn't do - Prohibition. The negative form of "must" expresses the idea that something is prohibited - this form is very different in meaning than the negative of "have to"! |
| Barbara: For example, “Dustin, you mustn't play with fire.” and “ She mustn't use such horrible language.” |
| Braden: Also be aware that – The past form of "have to" and "must" is "had to." "Must" does not exist in the past. |
| Barbara: For example, “Did he have to leave so early?” and “She had to pick the children up from school.” |
| Barbara: Let’s review this lesson. |
Outro |
| Braden: That just about does it for today. |
| Braden: Thanks for listening! |
| Barbara: See you later! |
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