| Hi, everybody. My name is Alisha. In this video, I'm going to talk about six ways to use the word "as." Let's get started. |
| Okay. The first use I want to talk about is to show the role or the purpose of someone or something. We often use this "as" before job titles or other roles in our community, in our company, or in an organization. We can also use this "as" to express the way we use something or the purpose of something. Let's look at some examples. |
| First, a job example. "He's been working as a salesman for about six years." "He's been working as a salesman," so this "as" comes before the job title. And, in this case, we have our article before "salesman." "He's been working as a salesman for about six years." So, we do this to show the person's role. We do the same thing in our second example sentence. "She was hired as the new creative director." "She was hired as the new creative director." So, in this case, we have "as the new creative director." So, this is the job title, "creative director." And, we have "new" to show it's a new position or a new role. We also have "the" here. So, "the" shows that there's just one creative director. "She was hired as the new creative director." "As" comes before all of this. This is one phrase expressing this new role. |
| Okay. Now, let's look at this use of "as" to talk about a purpose. So, "This room can be used as a meeting room or as a break room." "This room can be used as a meeting room or as a break room." So, in this case, we are talking about the purpose of a room. So, a multi-purpose room. We can use this room for many different things. In this case, we can use this room "as" -- so, for the purpose of a meeting room or as a break room. So, this shows the different functions or the different purposes. So, we can use "as" in this way to express our roles, our jobs, and the ways that we use different things. |
| Okay. So, with this in mind, let's continue to use number two which is quite different. Use number two is "as" to mean "while," or to mean "at the same time." So, in this case, we have two things occurring at about the same point in time and we want to express that. So, first example here, "They arrived as we were leaving." So, these two actions are "they arrived," past tense, "as we were leaving." So, this means maybe we're in the process or we were in the process of leaving. We were still there, but we were just about to go. So, we connect these with "as" to show that these two situations or these two actions happened at about the same time. So, we can think of this as kind of like "while" or "at the same time." |
| Let's look at the second example. "The fire alarm started ringing as we sat down in the restaurant." "The fire alarms started ringing as we sat down in the restaurant." So, again, we're showing two actions happening at about the same time. So, the fire alarm started ringing at the same time as we sat down at the restaurant. So, we use "as" to do this. Please note we cannot replace "as" with "while" here. For example, "The fire alarm started ringing while we sat down in the restaurant." We wouldn't use it in this way. "While," we tend to use with progressive actions that are happening at the same time. So, we tend to use "while" when we talk about two continuing actions happening at the same time. We're seeing in these situations, in these cases, we have a simple past tense action and a progressive action. Same thing here, a simple past tense action and a progressive action. So, we don't use "as" and "while" in exactly the same way, but they do communicate the same feeling of two things happening at about the same time. |
| Okay. Let's look at the last example. "She smiled as she walked across the stage." "She smiled as she walked across the stage." So, in this case, we have again a simple past tense action. And, in this one, the second part, we also have a simple past tense action. So, in this sentence, we might hear some people using "while" in place of "as" in, "She smiled while she walked across the stage." That's because these parts match in terms of the grammar, in terms of the tense used. But, me, personally, I think I would probably still use "as" in this case instead of "while," because "while" sounds a little more natural if we use it with a continuous or the progressive form. So, for example, "She was smiling while she was walking across the stage," might sound a little bit more natural. But, in this case, I would use "as" to mean these two things happened at the same time. |
| Okay, great. So, we have our first two uses showing the role of someone or the purpose of something. And, we have two things happening about the same time or the two things happened at about the same time. Let's go to use number three now. So, use number three is to express a cause and a result. So, in this use, we are connecting some kind of action, and that expresses the cause of something. And then, we also see the outcome or the result of that thing. I want to note that this use is a little bit formal. It may even sound a little bit old-fashioned, but we do still use it from time to time so it's important to understand this use. So, let's look at the examples. |
| First, "He went to bed early as he had an important meeting in the morning." "He went to bed early as he had an important meeting in the morning." So, here we have our two independent ideas. "He went to bed early," one, this is the action. "As he had an important meeting in the morning." This is the cause of this result. Okay? So, we have the reason for something. You can think of this "as" in the same way as "because," right? "He went to bed early because he had an important meeting in the morning." So, typically in today's English, we use "because" a lot in this position. But, every once in a while, we maybe want to sound a little more formal or a little old-fashioned, every once in a while, we use "as" to express the same idea. Again, we have this cause-and-result relationship. Let's look at the next example. |
| "She prepared a mountain of food as she was expecting many guests at her party." "She prepared a mountain of food as she was expecting many guests at her party." So, again, we have this cause/result relationship. "She prepared a mountain of food," this is the result, the outcome. And, why? "She was expecting many guests at her party," this is the cause. So, again, we can think of this "as" meaning because she prepared a lot of food because she was expecting a lot of guests at her party. So, "as" expresses the same idea. |
| Okay, let's look at the last example for this group. "They decided to move to a bigger house as they were planning to have a family." "They decided to move to a bigger house as they were planning to have a family." So, again, we have this result and the cause. So, again, we have this "because" type meaning here. "They decided to move to a bigger house because they were planning to have a family." So, again, although we use "because" a lot more in today's English. Sometimes, people still choose to use this "as" to connect their ideas that express the cause and the result of something. So, it's good to know this one. Okay, great. |
| Let's continue to number four. Number four is very interesting. We use this use of "as" to express two changes happening at the same time. So, this is a bit different from point number two. I talked about two things that happen at about the same time, two separate actions. The key here, with number four though, is that two things are changing at the same time. For example, two things are increasing or two things are decreasing, or maybe one thing is increasing and the other thing is decreasing at the same time. The key with this use is change. And, we'll also see there are some specific grammar patterns we tend to use with this type of "as." So, let's take a look. |
| First one, "As you get older, it gets harder and harder to lose weight." "As you get older, it gets harder and harder to lose weight." So, this is expressing "as you get older." So, as your age increases, we are talking about one change here, and then it gets harder and harder. So, it gets more and more difficult. It becomes more and more difficult to lose weight. So, the difficulty increases. So, we're talking about one point, increasing in age, "as you get older." And the other thing, trying to lose weight or getting more and more difficult to lose weight. So, we're expressing two changes happening at the same time. We also see this "as something something, comma," it gets comparative-comparative. This is another common pattern that we see with this type of "as" use. |
| We'll see another example in number two here. So, let's read it. "The air got colder and colder as we climbed up the mountain." "The air got colder and colder as we climbed up the mountain." So, again, we have two things changing. One, "The air gets colder and colder." So, that means the air is becoming cold, right? We do this repetition for emphasis, "the air got colder and colder," is thing one, changing. Two, "as we climbed up the mountain." So, we are going up the mountain, climbing up the mountain. These two things. These two changes are happening at the same time, we express this, we connect these ideas with "and." So, this sentence follows the same kind of pattern as the first one. But, we can move this "as" section to the end of the sentence. In this case, I could say, "As we climbed up the mountain, the air got colder and colder." and it's still 100% correct. It's up to you to choose which part you want to emphasize. Generally, the part at the beginning of the sentence is going to sound like it has a little bit more emphasis. So, you can choose which position is best for you. |
| Okay. Let's look at one more example. "As airline ticket costs increase, the number of people traveling decreases." So, again, we have two things changing here. "As airline ticket costs increase," as they go up, "the number of people traveling decreases." So, in this case, we have changes in two directions. Costs increase, travelers decrease, the number of travelers decrease. We express that these two changes are happening at the same time with this "as" pattern. So, a good way to know that this is the one that's being used is that this "as" will come at the beginning of this sentence, as an introductory clause. Like, this "as something something comma," that's a good hint. Plus, this comparative form, "harder and harder" or "colder and colder." That's one big hint that this is the changes at the same time kind of "as." |
| So, keep in mind that this one again is used to express changes happening at the same time. The one we talked about in number two, expresses two actions happen, that happened. Sometimes, in the past or sometimes they happened, you know, like -- or they were happening at the same time, but not just changes. So, that's the key difference between two and four. Okay, great. |
| So, let's continue to the last two points. The last two points are some basic grammar review points. So, five, number five. We use "as" for comparison. So, this is a very basic English grammar point, but let's review it very quickly because, sometimes, people I think forget parts of these sentences. So, we use "as" in a couple of different patterns. We use "as" to express that two things are equal with this pattern. So, noun A is "as" adjective, or sometimes adverb "as" noun B, right? So, "this thing is as something as noun B." Or, we can also express a comparison with a negative, "not as something as something." Okay. So, "A is not as adjective as B," for example. So, we use this "as" pattern to describe things that are equal and to make some comparisons. So, let's review with a couple of examples. |
| First, "Your house is as big as a celebrity's house." "Your house is as big as a celebrity's house." So, that's like saying your house is the same size as a celebrity's house. Maybe it's really big, right? So, the problem, sometimes, we see -- I think maybe learners get a little bit confused about "as" and "than," right? So, we use "than" a lot when we make comparisons. Like, "Your house is bigger than my house," for example. But, when we want to show the two things are equal, we use this "as" as around our adjective. No "than" here, okay? So, use this to express that two things are equal. Noun one, "your house," noun two, "celebrity's house." Connect them to show they are equal with "as big as," okay? Great. |
| Let's look at a couple more examples. First, or second rather. "This taco shop is not as good as the one in our neighborhood." So, this is a negative, right? "This taco shop is not as good as the one in our neighborhood." So, in this sentence, this taco shop here, not as good, lower. Lower quality than the one, the taco shop, in our neighborhood, right? We show this relationship with "not as good as," okay? Again, we have "as" on both sides of the adjective here. We do not use "than" in this sentence. Okay. Let's look at our last example. "The weather today is not as bad as it was yesterday." "The weather today is not as bad as it was yesterday." Again, this means today's weather is not as bad as it was yesterday. So, another way to express this is, "Yesterday's weather was really, really terrible. Today's is okay." So, again, we're following the adjective with "as" here. So, "as" on both sides. So, keep in mind that this is a very common pattern for "as." Okay. |
| Let's finish off this lesson with point number six. So, point number six, I wanted to focus on this expression, "as long as." Because I think it's sometimes very confusing. What does this mean? Does this have to do with length? Sometimes, yes. We can use this in this pattern actually. Like, "This marker is as long as that marker," which means they are of equal length. However, we have this "as long as" expression which means "only if." It acts as part of a conditional expression. So, let's look at some examples of this. |
| First, "As long as I save money for six months, I'll be able to buy a car this year." "As long as I save money for six months, I'll be able to buy a car this year." So, what does this mean? "As long as I save money for six months." So, we can understand this as "only if." "Only if" I save money for six months, I'll be able to buy a car this year. That means I must do this thing. I must do this thing in the "as long as" clause in order to make this thing possible. Okay. In order to make this main clause possible, I'll be able to do this thing. Okay. So, we use "as long as" to mean "only in this case." All right. So, you'll notice this comes at the beginning of the sentence, at least if this clause is first. Okay? |
| So, let's take a look at another position that we see "as long as" used in. Two, "You can go to the party as long as you finish your homework." "You can go to the party as long as you finish your homework." So, in this case, we have our main clause, "you can go to the party as long as," or "only if you finish your homework." So, this is something a parent might say to a child, right? So, again, "only if you finish your homework." That's what "as long as" expresses here. |
| All right, let's finish up the last example sentence. "We'll arrive at the airport on time as long as there's no traffic." Okay. Once more, "We'll arrive at the airport on time as long as there's no traffic." So, again, we can replace "as long as" with "only if" to understand this. "We'll arrive at the airport on time only if there's no traffic," right? Only in this situation or only if this is true, right? So, this is the use of "as long as." We understand this as "only if." And, I hope that this helps you to see the different positions in the sentence that "as long as" takes in comparison to the comparative form of "as long as." So, pay attention to the location of "as long as" to help you understand whether it's a comparison or it's an only if construction. Okay? Great! |
| So, those are six different ways to use the word "as." They are very different. There are many very different uses of "as." But, I hope that this lesson gave you a good introduction to the various ways that we can put "as" into our sentences. So, of course, if you have any questions or comments or if you want to practice making some example sentences with the word "as," please feel free to do so in the comment section of this video. Thanks very much for watching this lesson, and I will see you again next time. Bye! |
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