Learn how to use the prepositions "over" and "above"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Getting Ready for an American House Party. John Here. |
| Becky: Hey I'm Becky. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn the prepositions “over” and “above”. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Becky: It's between Kate and Sean. |
| John: The speakers are friends, so they'll use informal English. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Kate: Is everything ready for the party? |
| Sean: Nearly! Can you put the streamers up? |
| Kate: Where do you want them? |
| Sean: Above the window, please. |
| Kate: Okay! Is there anything else? |
| Sean: Can you cover the presents? Just put a sheet over them. |
| Kate: Yes, let's keep them as a surprise! |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Kate: Is everything ready for the party? |
| Sean: Nearly! Can you put the streamers up? |
| Kate: Where do you want them? |
| Sean: Above the window, please. |
| Kate: Okay! Is there anything else? |
| Sean: Can you cover the presents? Just put a sheet over them. |
| Kate: Yes, let's keep them as a surprise! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: It’s party time! |
| Becky: Sounds like it! We didn’t find out who in the conversation, but it’s someone's birthday. |
| John: Birthday parties are really popular in the States. |
| Becky: That’s right. It doesn’t matter how old or young you are, everyone has parties. |
| John: What are children’s parties like? |
| Becky: They’re often held at special places, like amusement parks, family restaurants, or children’s centers. |
| John: Or at home, of course. |
| Becky: Of course! I had a few birthday parties at home when I was in school. My house was decorated, we played lots of games, and there was a clown. |
| John: I hate clowns. |
| Becky: Many people do. I can still remember the crying children! |
| John: I’ve been to a few birthday parties for adults that have been informal affairs held at bars or clubs. |
| Becky: Yeah, I’ve been to a few more formal ones that were house parties, too. I love birthday parties, but it can be stressful to find the perfect birthday present. |
| John: Yeah, it’s best to take a present with you, especially for kids’ parties. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Becky: everything [natural native speed] |
| John: all things |
| Becky: everything[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: everything [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: ready [natural native speed] |
| John: prepared to continue or move on |
| Becky: ready[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: ready [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: nearly [natural native speed] |
| John: close to |
| Becky: nearly[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: nearly [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: to put up [natural native speed] |
| John: to place something on the wall or ceiling |
| Becky: to put up[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: to put up [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: streamers [natural native speed] |
| John: a long, thin, party decoration, usually made of colorful paper |
| Becky: streamers[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: streamers [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: window [natural native speed] |
| John: a glass opening in a wall that lets in light |
| Becky: window[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: window [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: where [natural native speed] |
| John: question starter, asking for the location of something |
| Becky: where [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: where [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: anything [natural native speed] |
| John: unspecific thing |
| Becky: anything[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: anything [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Becky: else [natural native speed] |
| John: in a different way or place, additionally |
| Becky: else[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: else [natural native speed] |
| John: And last.. |
| Becky: surprise [natural native speed] |
| John: something unexpected |
| Becky: surprise[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: surprise [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Becky: ...everything... |
| John: meaning "all things." What can you tell us about this word? |
| Becky: This is a pronoun you use to cover all things in a category. |
| John: So, for example, if you’re in a restaurant and your friend says that they want to eat “everything”... |
| Becky:..they mean that they want to eat the entire menu. All the foods. |
| John: This can be used for any group of items. |
| Becky: You shouldn’t use it for people, however. Instead, say “everyone” if you mean all people. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Becky: Sure. For example, you can say, “Is everything finished?” |
| John: Which means "Are all of the tasks finished?" Okay, what's the next word? |
| Becky: Anything... |
| John: ...meaning "unspecific thing." |
| John: What can you tell us about this? |
| Becky: This is another pronoun and it is used for an unspecified thing in a category. |
| John: Let’s go back to our restaurant. If your friend says that they want to eat “anything”... |
| Becky: ...it means that any dish on the menu would be okay. They have no preference. |
| John: Again, it can be used for any group of items. |
| Becky: And again, it shouldn’t be used for people. Instead, use “anyone”. |
| John: Can you give us an example using “anything?” |
| Becky: Sure. For example, you can say, “I'll do anything you ask me to.” |
| John: .. which means "I’ll do whatever you ask me to.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about the prepositions “over” and “above”. |
| John: We have two more prepositions to introduce in this lesson. |
| Becky: They are both prepositions of place and position, so let’s look at them in turn. |
| John: First, is “over.” |
| Becky: If we want to say that something is higher than, directly above or is covering something, we would use “over.” |
| John: For example, “over the table.” |
| Becky: Yes. We can also use it for clothes, and for age and speed. |
| John: Let’s look at some examples. |
| Becky: An easy example is “The boy climbed over the wall.” |
| John: Or “You must be over 18 years old to watch this movie.” |
| Becky: I gave an example of using “over” to mean directly above, and John’s example was of age. |
| John: There are a couple of idioms using “over,” aren’t there? |
| Becky: Yes. My favorite is “over the moon.” |
| John: I like that one too. It means that you’re really happy. |
| Becky: “I won the lottery and am over the moon!” |
| John: You would be if you won! The other preposition we’re looking at this time is “above.” |
| Becky: If we want to say that something is higher than, but not directly above or not covering something, we would use “above.” |
| John: For example, “above the line.” |
| Becky: Listeners, try to remember “above” and “below” as a pair, as they have opposite meanings. |
| John: Sometimes it’s easier to learn opposite words together. |
| Becky: I think so! |
| John: Let’s have some examples now, using “above.” |
| Becky: “There is a bookshelf above the table.” |
| John: We can also use “above” for temperature and height. |
| Becky: Yes, you might see instructions such as “Heat the oven to above 100 degrees fahrenheit.” |
| John: I like baking, so I see things like that all the time. |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Becky: Bye |
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